Misophonia

# What is misophonia? Misophonia is a relatively new psychological phenomenon characterized by strong emotional reactions to certain sounds. People who suffer from misophonia often experience intense emotions such as anger, disgust or even rage when they hear certain recurring sounds that do not normally bother other people. These sounds can be everyday noises such as chewing, swallowing or typing on a keyboard. The symptoms of misophonia can have a significant impact on the social and professional life of those affected. The reactions to the triggering sounds can be so strong that they lead to social isolation, conflicts or even behavioral changes to avoid contact with the disturbing sounds. In severe cases, misophonia can have a significant impact on quality of life. There is evidence that both neurological and psychological factors play a role, and research suggests that the processing of sounds in the brain may be different in people with misophonia. It is thought that certain areas of the brain responsible for emotional responses overreact to certain sounds. Recent research has also looked at possible genetic influences on the development of misophonia. In addition, there appear to be links between genetic markers and the symptoms of misophonia, particularly in relation to anger symptoms and other audiological and psychiatric characteristics. These findings could contribute to a better understanding of genetic predispositions to misophonia in the future. # Symptoms and diagnosis Misophonia manifests itself in extreme emotional reactions to certain sounds that do not elicit such a response in other people. The most common triggering sounds include everyday noises such as chewing, swallowing and certain breathing sounds. These sounds trigger intense feelings such as anger, disgust or rage in those affected. Diagnosis is usually based on clinical interviews and questionnaires that record the specific sounds and the associated emotional reactions. However, there is currently no standardized diagnostic procedure for misophonia, which makes it difficult to accurately identify and treat the disorder. > ## Good to know > Misophonia usually begins in childhood, but often only manifests as a serious disorder in adolescence or adulthood, which makes early detection and treatment difficult. # Treatment options The treatment of misophonia includes various approaches that are geared towards the specific needs of those affected. Therapeutic approaches include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which aims to change reactions to the triggering sounds and reduce emotional distress. In addition, measures such as desensitization techniques and mindfulness exercises are used to reduce the emotional reaction to the disturbing noises. There are currently no specific medications for misophonia, but some people find relief from medications used to treat anxiety disorders or depression. The effectiveness of different treatments varies, and individualized therapy is often required to achieve the best results. # What do genetics have to do with it? The genetic background of misophonia is increasingly being researched, with a focus on specific genetic markers. One important polymorphism associated with misophonia is the SNP rs2937573. This marker is located in the TENM2 gene, which is important for the development and function of nerve cells in the brain. TENM2, also known as teneurin transmembrane protein 2, plays a role in neuronal connectivity and neuronal plasticity, two key processes relevant to emotional processing and sensory perception. Variations in the TENM2 gene could influence the way the brain processes certain sounds and regulates emotional responses to these sounds. Genetic markers such as rs2937573 in TENM2 correlate with increased sensitivity to auditory stimuli and certain emotional responses characteristic of misophonia.